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It is normal to feel some confusion when looking at the classification of fungi. Dividing fungi into six phyla (basically groups) by Alexopoulos and Mims in 1979 can be challenging. The majority of fungal species, however, are contained within the large phylum called "Chytridiomycota" which is typically composed of saprotrophs (organisms that break down dead organisms). The other five phyla are much smaller in size with one being heterotrophic meaning they only feed on other organisms for their nutrients. The phylum called "Glomeromycota" contains over 700 species all together but only two have been characterized so far. The fungal genus "Glomus" is a soil-dwelling, hyphomycetous fungus that is ubiquitous in most soils worldwide. The fungal genus "Glomus" found in soil contributes significantly to the viability of the ecosystem by releasing mycopesticides from its hyphae. Since a large number of extant photosynthetic organisms are yet to be identified, it is essential for their survival that mycopesticides are produced naturally by soil-dwelling fungi. Yet another phylum called "Eumycota" contains over 2,500 species all together and many (particularly those found in water) are quiescent (a non-growing state). The phylum containing the majority of fungi, "Ascomycota", is composed of three subphyla, the largest being "Pezizomycotina". Within this subphylum are several classes including the important class called "Basidiomycetes" which is composed of mushrooms. The largest group in this subphylum is called "Agaricomycetes" which are fungi that have filamentous (thread-like) structures. The members of this class typically produce spores on club-shaped structures called basidia (singular: basidium). This large class has many important members such as the "Boletus edulis", an edible mushroom (also referred to as porcini). Another member of the Agaricomycetes is "Hypholoma sp.", a common saprotroph found in dead twigs, dead leaves, and extremely damp places. The Agaricomycetes are distinguished from other subphylum members by their basidiospores being produced on conical to cylindrical club-shaped structures called basidia. The subphylum containing slime molds is called "Myxomycota" which only contains two classes, both being slime molds. The first class contains the slime molds that are also found in temperate or tropical climates. The other class is composed of slime molds that are only found in tropical panama. Lastly, the subphylum containing aquatic fungi is called "Oomycota" which only contains one class with around 700 species. This fungal class produces zoosporangia which are essential to its survival since they are involved in reproduction. Although there are few fungi in this phylum, they have an important reproductive structure called an oogonium which is involved in sexual reproduction. The oogonia produce eggs that are fertilized by male gametes called anisogonia. cfa1e77820
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